Barkley had some issues in Phoenix with his PG there. More related to style of play than egos. Barkley wanted to slow it down and iso. The PG needed to speed it up and play fast. They never got the best out of one another as a duo. The PG's best years were pre-Barkley because of this despite being in his prime next to Barkley.
Barkley had some similar issues next to Hakeem (too much iso slow down and iso ball from Chuck + offense didn't run through Hakeem enough anymore). They lost some of their team identity with Barkley despite Chuck being a net positive for them. But Chuck was old by then and had slowed down considerably. I don't read much into that.
I liked how Barkley played as a young player next to those older stars (Doc, Moses) in Philly. Plus, he was brilliant on those Team USA squads and in All-Star games.
Edit: In Houston, again style of play rather than egos and style of play being exacerbated greatly by age and decline in athleticism. That is why I don't put much much stock in it. A younger Chuck would have fit in better. Plus, Hakeem deserves some blame too.