Great read, but as several has stated a bit long 
I don't agree that there are only two categories of teams (contenders and teams that try to be contenders). That is an oversimplification of 30 different point-of-views.
And I don't agree that you need a top ten player. Unless you look at potential in stead of perception. If a guy under the right circumstances can be top ten player, then that's enough, if you can provide those circumstances.
Before the 2007-2008 season, Garnett was not considered a top 10 player anymore (he and Pierce and were probably considered top 15 and Ray top 40). That was, however, not true, and KG ended up playing like an MVP or at least a top 3 (and Pierce like a top 10) player.
KG no top 10 player in 2006-2007? Really?!
Well not by all, at least. I tried to google some lists, and on one he was no. 8, but on others no. 12 or 13. And he was certainly not considered a top 3 player.
What lists?
KG has been the most dominant defensive force in the last 15 years. I don't think that you need to know anything more than that to rank him top 10. IMO 20/10 PF with the best defense in the game is top 10, period.
Btw, I also disagree with your comment on the stars. Yes you need a "top 10" player to win it all. The 2004 Pistons are an exception. "Top 10 doesn't actually means much. You have to look at top 10 as meaning "one of the very best players in the game", the kind that can take over a game on a consistent basis. The whole "ranking thing" (who's #1? #2) is really an American trait (from my European perspective at least).
When you look at the championship teams from the 60's Celtics to the Mavs 2011, they almost all had a star player. Whatever the "circumstances" (as you said), a star player is gonna bring it. You can't settle for guys like Josh Smith, OJ Mayo, Rudy Gay, Stoudemire. You need a player who is able to bring his game no matter what happens and no matter who you're playing.
I really share the writer post on that regard.
I'll admit, that it's a fair point to say that Garnett was considered a top 10 player by many in 2007. I read a few lists on blogs and jumped to conclusions. But my point is, really, that the change of circumstances made him an MVP candidate again.
You can look at the Bulls last year. Rose went from underdog to MVP, and the Bulls from also-rans to true contenders. And it was not only Rose taking a huge leap forward, it was also a new coach with a better system (again, circumstances).
What you are saying is not what the writer says, so I don't understand how you can agree:
There are two and only two states for an NBA franchise: you are either a legitimate contender or you are attempting to become a legitimate contender. The difference is night and day. The main criteria for assuming contender status is having a top-10 player on your roster, and ideally a top-5 player. Unless you have a top-10 player you are almost certainly not a legitimate contender. The teams that are the most serious contenders tend to be teams with two top-10 players, or one top-five player and two or three players who are in the top-30.
My point is that you can't list a group of ten players and say: You need one of these to be a contender. You have to look at potential in stead of perception. Who could under the right circumstances be our star player?
It opens up the field a lot, because you can include underrated players from playoff-teams, that are not quite there yet, young players who are in the wrong environment, and older players that have unused potential (like Z-Bo).
My personal favorites: Paul Millsap (is moving into star player territory this season), Javale McGee (who seems lost in a losing organization, but seems to have a lot of potential), Elton Brand (would be great to see him in his best shape again), Danilo Gallinari (though he is not as underrated as he used to be), Al Harrington (best 6th man so far this year and with a much improved attitude), Nicolas Batum (should have been made a starter this year), Tony Parker (if he should need a change of scenery after Timmy). Others: Gortat, Bargnani, Dejuan Blair.