Depending on what force was acting on the earth, absolutely we would find ourselves being smashed into paste. Our atmosphere would keep rotating and would be moving so fast it'd probably wipe out most cities, trees, and people.
The earth has an immense about of rotational energy due to its size and motion. Since things don't just "stop" some force would have to act upon the earth to make it stop. What would happen would depend on whether that force just impacted the Earth, the Atmosphere, and how sudden a stop it had.
There are a lot of articles on it actually when I googled it. Most concern themselves with a gradual slowdown of the Earth's rotation however. A sudden would would release so much energy that'd we'd surely be killed. Though if it was slow we'd have a rotating clam bake on one half the planet and a freezing darkness on the other half. So we'd have that to look forward to.